Power BI - Essential SQL Queries for HR

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Essential SQL Queries for HR

1. Employee Demographics

  • List all employees with department and job role:
SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Department, JobRole
FROM Employees;
  • Count employees by department:
SELECT Department, COUNT(*) AS EmployeeCount
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;
  • Average age of employees by department:
SELECT Department, AVG(Age) AS AvgAge
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

2. Attrition & Retention

  • Employees who left the company:
SELECT EmployeeID, Attrition, Department
FROM Employees
WHERE Attrition = 'Yes';
  • Attrition rate by department:
SELECT Department,
       SUM(CASE WHEN Attrition = 'Yes' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) * 100.0 / COUNT(*) AS AttritionRate
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;
  • Average tenure of employees:
SELECT AVG(YearsAtCompany) AS AvgTenure
FROM Employees;

3. Salary & Compensation

  • Average salary by job role:
SELECT JobRole, AVG(MonthlyIncome) AS AvgSalary
FROM Employees
GROUP BY JobRole;
  • Top 10 highest-paid employees:
SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, MonthlyIncome
FROM Employees
ORDER BY MonthlyIncome DESC
LIMIT 10;
  • Salary distribution by department:
SELECT Department, MIN(MonthlyIncome) AS MinSalary,
       MAX(MonthlyIncome) AS MaxSalary,
       AVG(MonthlyIncome) AS AvgSalary
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

4. Performance & Training

  • Employees with high performance rating:
SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, PerformanceRating
FROM Employees
WHERE PerformanceRating >= 4;
  • Training hours by department:
SELECT Department, AVG(TrainingHours) AS AvgTrainingHours
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department;

5. Advanced Joins (HR + Department Tables)

  • Employee details with department manager:
SELECT e.EmployeeID, e.FirstName, e.LastName, d.DepartmentName, d.ManagerName
FROM Employees e
JOIN Departments d ON e.DepartmentID = d.DepartmentID;
  • Attrition analysis with job satisfaction:
SELECT Department, JobRole, AVG(JobSatisfaction) AS AvgSatisfaction,
       SUM(CASE WHEN Attrition = 'Yes' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS AttritionCount
FROM Employees
GROUP BY Department, JobRole;

 Key Considerations

  • Data Privacy: Always anonymize sensitive employee data before sharing.
  • Validation: Ensure HR datasets are cleaned (no duplicates, consistent values).
  • Use Cases: These queries support dashboards in Power BI/ for HR analytics.


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